Climate Change and Emerging Waterborne Diseases: A Review

Nitha B.; Noha Laj; Harikrishnan G.G.; Vipina R.; Geethu Krishna

doi:10.71097/IJAIDR.v14.i2.1466

Climate Change and Emerging Waterborne Diseases: A Review

Author(s)	Nitha B., Noha Laj, Harikrishnan G.G., Vipina R., Geethu Krishna
Country	India
Abstract	Climate change is significantly altering global hydrological systems, creating favourable conditions for the emergence and spread of waterborne diseases. Rising temperatures, increased flooding, prolonged droughts and extreme weather events are disrupting water quality and availability, exacerbating the transmission of pathogens through contaminated water sources. The sudden shifts in climatic factors influence the survival, reproduction, and distribution of infectious agents, including bacteria (e.g., Vibrio cholerae, Leptospira sp.), viruses (e.g., norovirus, hepatitis E) and parasites (e.g., Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp.). The warming of aquatic environments enhances the growth of harmful algal blooms and expands the geographic range of vector-borne diseases with water-related transmission cycles, such as those caused by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. In addition to environmental drivers, human factors including urbanization, inadequate sanitation infrastructure and population displacement intensify vulnerability to waterborne disease outbreaks. Flood-prone regions and drought-affected areas illustrate how extreme weather events compromise water safety, leading to waterborne disease outbreaks. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in waterborne pathogens is an emerging growing concern, as climate stress and pollution accelerate the evolution of drug-resistant strains in aquatic ecosystems. Thus, this review examines the complex relationship between climate change and the rising incidence of waterborne diseases, focusing on emerging pathogens. By synthesizing current knowledge, the world can craft strategies that enhance global resilience against the converging crises of climate change and waterborne disease emergence.
Keywords	Emerging Waterborne Diseases, Climate Change, Global Warming
Field	Biology
Published In	Volume 14, Issue 2, July-December 2023
Published On	2023-07-07
Cite This	Climate Change and Emerging Waterborne Diseases: A Review - Nitha B., Noha Laj, Harikrishnan G.G., Vipina R., Geethu Krishna - IJAIDR Volume 14, Issue 2, July-December 2023. DOI 10.71097/IJAIDR.v14.i2.1466
DOI	https://doi.org/10.71097/IJAIDR.v14.i2.1466
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9p979

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Climate Change and Emerging Waterborne Diseases: A Review

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