Journal of Advances in Developmental Research

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Microwave-Assisted Multicomponent Organic Syntheses: A Green Revolution in Synthetic Strategy

Author(s) Shuchi Kukreja
Country India
Abstract In recent decades, the increasing awareness of environmental sustainability and the urgent need to mitigate chemical waste have catalyzed the evolution of synthetic organic chemistry. Among the many innovative strategies aligned with the principles of Green Chemistry, microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as a powerful tool that combines energy efficiency, accelerated reaction rates, and high product yields with operational simplicity. When merged with multicomponent reactions (MCRs)—which integrate three or more reactants in a single synthetic operation to form complex molecules—the result is a highly convergent, atom-economical approach that minimizes waste, reduces solvent use, and enhances selectivity.
The synergy between microwave technology and multicomponent reactions is particularly impactful in the synthesis of heterocycles, natural product analogs, and pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds. This approach not only aligns with the twelve principles of Green Chemistry but also provides chemists with a sustainable pathway to complex molecular architectures with operational ease and enhanced functional group tolerance.
This review presents a comprehensive account of microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions (MW-MCRs) with a focus on their green and sustainable attributes. It begins with an overview of the principles of Green Chemistry and the fundamentals of microwave heating. This is followed by a detailed discussion of various reaction types—solution-phase, solvent-free, and solid-supported—highlighting the role of reaction media, reactor design, and catalytic systems. Key synthetic examples and mechanistic insights are included to illustrate the efficiency and versatility of this technique. The review also emphasizes recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects in integrating microwave technology into greener synthetic protocols.
Field Chemistry
Published In Volume 16, Issue 1, January-June 2025
Published On 2025-04-07
Cite This Microwave-Assisted Multicomponent Organic Syntheses: A Green Revolution in Synthetic Strategy - Shuchi Kukreja - IJAIDR Volume 16, Issue 1, January-June 2025.
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