Journal of Advances in Developmental Research

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Aqueous-Mediated Reactions in Organic Chemistry: A Critical and Comprehensive Review

Author(s) Shuchi Kukreja
Country India
Abstract The increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally benign synthetic methodologies has propelled water to the forefront of green solvent research. Once considered incompatible with organic transformations, water is now recognized for its remarkable physicochemical properties—such as high polarity, hydrogen bonding capability, and hydrophobic effects—that enhance reaction rate, selectivity, and yield in various transformations. This comprehensive review explores the evolution and advantages of aqueous-mediated organic synthesis across ten systematically organized sections. It covers fundamental solvent properties, reaction classifications, specific examples (from nucleophilic substitutions to multicomponent and pericyclic reactions), and comparative studies against conventional organic solvents. Micellar catalysis, “on-water” phenomena, and biphasic systems are highlighted for their innovation and practicality. Additionally, the review offers insights into industrial applications, economic and regulatory advantages. Water has proven itself not only as a green alternative but as a catalytic and enabling medium, pointing toward a future where it could become the default solvent in synthetic organic chemistry.
Keywords Aqueous mediated reactions; Green chemistry; Micellar catalysis; On water reactions; Sustainable solvents; Organic synthesis in water; Biphasic systems; Hydrophobic effect; Pericyclic reactions; Multicomponent reactions.
Field Chemistry
Published In Volume 15, Issue 1, January-June 2024
Published On 2024-01-06
Cite This Aqueous-Mediated Reactions in Organic Chemistry: A Critical and Comprehensive Review - Shuchi Kukreja - IJAIDR Volume 15, Issue 1, January-June 2024.
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