Journal of Advances in Developmental Research

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Genomes, Consent, and the Law: Navigating the DPDP Act, 2023 and Global Standards

Author(s) Dr. Subholaxmi Mukherjee
Country India
Abstract The rapid advancement of genomic technologies has ushered in an era where personal genetic information is both a key to medical innovation and a source of profound privacy and ethical challenges. Unlike conventional personal data, genomic data is immutable, predictive, and relational, implicating not only the individual but also families, communities, and populations. India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP Act), 2023 represents a milestone in the regulation of personal data, yet its single-tier, individual-centric framework is insufficient for the complexities of genomic information. This article critically examines the nature of genomic data, explores the limitations of the DPDP Act in the context of genetic privacy, and compares global standards from the European Union, the United States, UNESCO, OECD, and selected Asia-Pacific jurisdictions. Through a multidisciplinary lens, encompassing ethical, legal, technological, and social considerations, the study identifies the challenges in genomic governance and offers detailed policy recommendations. These include recognizing genomic data as sensitive, implementing tiered and relational consent, strengthening research oversight, safeguarding minors, ensuring equitable access, and protecting bio-sovereignty. Aligning India’s framework with global best practices while contextualizing for national realities is essential for ethical, secure, and socially responsible management of genomic data.
Keywords Genomic Data, Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023, Consent, Genetic Privacy, Relational Privacy, Bioethics, Data Protection, Global Standards, Biosecurity, Tiered Consent
Published In Volume 16, Issue 2, July-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-05
Cite This Genomes, Consent, and the Law: Navigating the DPDP Act, 2023 and Global Standards - Dr. Subholaxmi Mukherjee - IJAIDR Volume 16, Issue 2, July-December 2025.
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