Journal of Advances in Developmental Research

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Women in Early Indian Society: A Historical Assessment of Status, Rights and Social Change

Author(s) Reetu Parmar
Country India
Abstract The position of women in early Indian society cannot be understood through a single fixed judgement, as their status changed across different historical phases. In some periods, women enjoyed respect within family, religion and intellectual life, while in later periods their freedoms became increasingly restricted by social customs, patriarchal authority and religious codes. This paper examines the changing condition of women from the Indus Valley civilisation to the early medieval and Rajput periods. It discusses women’s role in family life, education, marriage, religion, property, public participation and social customs. The study shows that early Indian traditions gave women honour as mothers, wives, daughters and spiritual participants, yet this respect did not always lead to independent social identity. Over time, customs such as child marriage, restriction on education, denial of inheritance, widowhood limitations, purdah, sati and jauhar weakened women’s social position. The paper concludes that women’s status in Indian history was neither uniformly high nor uniformly low; rather, it moved through phases of recognition, limitation and decline according to changing social, political and religious conditions.
Keywords Ancient India, women, society, gender, status, history, social change.
Published In Volume 10, Issue 1, January-June 2019
Published On 2019-01-10
Cite This Women in Early Indian Society: A Historical Assessment of Status, Rights and Social Change - Reetu Parmar - IJAIDR Volume 10, Issue 1, January-June 2019.
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