Journal of Advances in Developmental Research

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2026

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Effects of Arsenic Exposure in Humans

Author(s) Dr. Arindam Basu
Country India
Abstract Arsenic is a naturally occurring toxic metalloid that poses a serious threat to human health when exposure occurs through contaminated drinking water, food, air, or occupational sources. Chronic arsenic exposure has been strongly associated with the development of various types of cancer, making it a significant global public health concern. This review paper examines the carcinogenic effects of arsenic exposure in humans, focusing on its sources, mechanisms of toxicity, and role in cancer development. Arsenic induces carcinogenesis through multiple biological pathways, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, impaired DNA repair mechanisms, and disruption of cellular signaling pathways. Long-term exposure has been linked to increased risks of skin, lung, bladder, liver, kidney, and other cancers. Epidemiological studies conducted in arsenic-affected regions have consistently demonstrated a positive association between arsenic exposure and cancer incidence. The paper also discusses factors influencing individual susceptibility, such as exposure duration, concentration, nutritional status, and genetic predisposition. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced carcinogenesis is essential for developing effective prevention, early detection, and public health intervention strategies. The study highlights the need for continuous monitoring of arsenic contamination, implementation of safe drinking water policies, and increased public awareness to reduce the burden of arsenic-related cancers worldwide.
Keywords Arsenic, Carcinogenesis, Human Health, DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress, Cancer Risk, Environmental Toxicology, Chronic Exposure, Public Health, Genotoxicity.
Field Biology > Zoology
Published In Volume 16, Issue 2, July-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-06
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