Journal of Advances in Developmental Research

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Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Interventions in the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea

Author(s) Dr. S Purna Chandra Shekhar, Dr. Sama Raju, Dr. Siva Bali Reddy Katasani, Dr. Amaresh Mohan
Country India
Abstract Primary dysmenorrhea is recurrent menstrual pain without identifiable pelvic pathology and is a frequent cause of activity limitation, academic absence and reduced quality of life among adolescents and young adults. Physiotherapy offers non-pharmacological strategies that may complement medical care and support self-management. This narrative review synthesizes literature published from 2010 through 2020 on therapeutic exercise, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), heat, manual or massage-based approaches, yoga, relaxation and selected adjuncts. Focused searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, PEDro and the Cochrane Library prioritized systematic reviews, randomized trials and clinically relevant observational evidence. Exercise was the most consistently studied physiotherapy intervention. Reviews indicated that regular aerobic, stretching, strengthening or mixed exercise may reduce menstrual pain, although study quality and intervention reporting were variable. Heat therapy and high-frequency TENS appeared to provide short-term analgesia, while massage, relaxation and yoga showed promising but less certain effects. Evidence did not support presenting any single modality as universally superior. A physiotherapy programme should begin with screening for secondary causes and should match symptom severity, preferences, access and functional goals. Education, graded exercise and a practical self-management plan form the clinical foundation; electrotherapy or heat can be considered as adjuncts. Better trials are required to define dosage, comparative effectiveness, adverse events and durability of benefit.
Keywords primary dysmenorrhea; menstrual pain; physiotherapy; exercise; TENS; heat therapy; rehabilitation
Published In Volume 12, Issue 2, July-December 2021
Published On 2021-10-08
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJAIDR.v12.i2.2122
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Crossref DOI prefix of IJAIDR is 10.71097/IJAIDR

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