Journal of Advances in Developmental Research

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Women in Early Medieval Kashmir: Literary and Epigraphic Evidence

Author(s) Altaf Hussain Para
Country India
Abstract The history of women in early medieval Kashmir (c. sixth–thirteenth centuries CE) presents a complex picture of social participation, political authority, religious patronage, and cultural agency. Although literary narratives often foreground royal women and exceptional personalities, inscriptions, archaeological remains, and material culture complement these accounts by illuminating women's broader roles in society. This paper examines representations of women through the combined evidence of Sanskrit chronicles, particularly Rājataraṅgiṇī and its continuations, epigraphic records, temple inscriptions, numismatic evidence, and architectural remains. It analyses women's participation in governance, land grants, religious patronage, education, property rights, and the economy while also examining social customs such as marriage, widowhood, and inheritance. By integrating literary narratives with epigraphic and archaeological data, the study argues that women occupied multiple and often influential positions within early medieval Kashmiri society, although their experiences varied according to class, political status, and religious affiliation. This interdisciplinary approach contributes to a more nuanced understanding of gender relations in early medieval Kashmir.
Keywords Early Medieval Kashmir; Women; Epigraphy; Rājataraṅgiṇī; Gender History; Temple Patronage.
Published In Volume 15, Issue 1, January-June 2024
Published On 2024-01-04
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Crossref DOI prefix of IJAIDR is 10.71097/IJAIDR

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