Journal of Advances in Developmental Research

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From Prediction to Practice: Unravelling Substituent Influence in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Author(s) Shilpi Gupta, Shuchi Kukreja
Country India
Abstract This study presents a pedagogically driven investigation into the influence of substituents on electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions, designed specifically for undergraduate and postgraduate laboratory settings. By conducting a series of nitration and bromination reactions on benzene and its various derivatives (toluene, anisole, phenol, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene) under general laboratory conditions, the experiment enables students to directly observe how electronic effects govern reactivity and regioselectivity in EAS. Electron-donating groups (EDGs) were found to accelerate the reactions and favour ortho/para substitution, while electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) resulted in slower reactions and predominantly meta substitution. Reaction progress was monitored via reaction time and temperature, and product identification was achieved using melting point determination and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The outcomes consistently aligned with established electronic theories, providing a robust, reproducible model for correlating theoretical predictions with experimental data. This integrative approach not only reinforces core mechanistic concepts in organic chemistry but also enhances conceptual understanding and student engagement by translating abstract principles into tangible laboratory experiences.
Keywords Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution; Substituent Effects; Organic Chemistry Education; Hands-On Learning; Nitration; Bromination; Regioselectivity.
Field Chemistry
Published In Volume 6, Issue 1, January-June 2015
Published On 2015-06-05
Cite This From Prediction to Practice: Unravelling Substituent Influence in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution - Shilpi Gupta, Shuchi Kukreja - IJAIDR Volume 6, Issue 1, January-June 2015.
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